Introduction of Arches Construction
Important Point
An Arch is basically a structure that is constructed of a wedge-shaped unit. The inner curve of an arch is known as Intrados and the outer curve of the arch is known as Extrados.
The main function of the arches is to support the load of the portion of the wall which is situated above the openings. In this article, you will get to know the types of arches construction which are generally used in the construction of various structures.
Construction of the arches are required where the span between the two supports is more and the load coming on the supports are heavy. Arches are also used as an Architectural element which will help to improve the aesthetical view of the structure.
Types of Arches Construction
The archers are classified on the following factors
According to Shape
- Pointed Shape Arch.
- Horseshoe Shape Arch.
- Flat Arch.
- Segmental Arch.
- Semi Circular Arch.
- Venetian Arch.
- Semi-Elliptical Arch.
- Stilted Arch.
According to Type of Material Used for Construction
- Stone Arches.
- Brick Arches.
- Concrete Arches.
According to Number of Center’s
- One Centered Arches.
- Two Centered Arches.
- Three Centered Arches.
- Four Centered Arches.
- Five Centered Arches.
The detailed explanation of the classification of types of Arches are as follows.
1. Classification of Arches According to Shape
1.a. Pointed Shape Arch
The pointed-shaped arches are also known as the Gothic arch. The pointed shape arch has two arcs of the circle which meets at the apex and forms a triangle.
1.b. Horseshoe Shape Arch
The name of this arch is given horseshoe arch because it’s shape is like a horseshoe that curves more than the semicircle. The horseshoe arches are generally used for architectural provisions.
1.c. Flat Arch
The Flat arch forms an equilateral triangle with Intrados as a base at an angle of 60 degrees. The Flat arch is generally used for the construction of light load structures.
The Extrados in the Flat arches is horizontal and Flat. The intrados is also Flat and given a slight rise of camber of about 10 to 15 mm.
1.d. Segmental Arch
The segmented arch is a type of arch whose circular arc is less than 180 degrees. This type of article known as scheme arch. The segmental arch is one of the strongest arches which has a good ability to resist thrust.
The Romans were the first who developed the segmental arch. This type of purchase generally used in the construction of residential windows and doors within the 20th century.
1.e. Semi Circular Arch
In the semicircular arch, the centre will lie on the spring line. In the semicircular arch, the thrust transferred to the abutment is in the vertical direction.
1.f. Venetian Arch
The Venetian arch is a three-centered arch. It is a form of a pointed arch that has a deeper depth at the crown.
1.g. Semi Elliptical Arch
Semi elliptical arch has a shape of a semi ellipse which has either 3 or 5 centers. The semi-elliptical arch is also known as the basket-handle arch.
1.h. Stilted Arch
Stilted art the type of art in which the curve begins above the impost line. This arch consists of a semicircular arch with two vertical portions at springings. The centre of the stilted arch lies on the horizontal line.
1.i. Relieving Arch
This type of arches is constructed above the Flat arch. The main function of the Relieving arch is to provide greater strength. The ends of this arch should be carried sufficiently into the abutments.
2. Classification of Arches According to Type of Material Used for Construction
2.a. Stone Arches
The stone arches are also sub-classified into two types which are as follows
2.a.1. Ashlar Arches
In the construction of the arches, the stones are cut into the proper shape and dressed properly. The joints are filled properly with the help of cement mortar so that proper bonding should be achieved. The Ashlar stones are also used in the construction of the Flat arches.
2.a.2. Rubble Arches
The Rubble arches are used for the construction of arches up to the span of 1m. These types of spans are made of rubber stones that are hammered and dressed properly. The rubble arches are weak and generally used for inferior work only.
2.b. Brick Arches
Brick arches are one of the common types of arches which are used in construction. This type of art that constructed with the help of ordinary bricks. Cement mortar is used in the construction of the brick arches.
The brick arches are classified into three types
2.b.1. Rough Brick Arch
The Rock brick arches are usually wedged in shape. This type of arches is constructed where high accuracy for finishing is not required.
2.b.2. Fine Axed Brick Arch
The Fine Axed arches are constructed by setting bricks into the desired shape. In the case of the construction of Fine axed brick arches, the bricks are cut into wedge-shaped properly any three generally used where the Fine work is required.
The finished surface of this type of arches gives a very aesthetical appearance.
2.b.3. Gauged Brick Arches
This type of arches are very expensive in construction and the bricks which are used in this type of arches should have fine dressing. Construction of the gauged brick arches required skilled workmanship for its construction.
2.c. Concrete Arches
2.c.1. Monolithic Concrete Block Arches
Monolithic concrete arches originally used for the longer spans. Monolithic concrete block arches generally constructed from the cast in situ concrete.
It is necessary that the curing of the monolithic concrete block should be done for 14 to 28 days.
2.c.2. Precast Concrete Block Arches
These types of arches are constructed with the help of precast concrete blocks. The precast concrete blocks are available in the exact shape and sizes which are required for the construction of the arches.
In case of the requirements of the keystone, the special type of moulds is prepared for the construction of the precast concrete block arches.
in the construction of the precast concrete blocks, the 1:2:4 ratio is used. Because of the exact shape and size of the precast concrete blocks, it will give a very good view.
3. Classification of the Arches Based on Number of Centre’s
3.a. One Centered Arches
This type of arches has only one unique centre. The types of arches which comes under the category of types of arches are semicircular arches, Flat arches, horseshoe arches, and segmental arches, etc.
3.b. Two Centered Arches
This type of purchase has two centres. The pointed arches comes under the category of two centered arches. Semi elliptical arches also come under this category.
3.c. Three Centered Arches
These types of arches have three centres. The elliptical arches and equilateral arches come under the category of three centered arches.
3.d. Four Centered Arches
Venetian arches comes under the category of four centre arches which has a total of four centres.
3.e. Five Centered Arches
Five centre arches have a total of five centres and it helps in getting a good semi-elliptical shape.
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Brick Arch
The brick arch is the consummate example of form following function. Its aesthetic appeal lies in the variety of forms which can be used to express unity, balance, proportion, scale and character. Its structural advantage results from the fact that under uniform load, the invoiced stresses are principally compressive.
Pointed Arches
A pointed arch is an archway with curved sides that meet at a point, rather than a smooth semi-circular curve. This design was first used in medieval Islamic architecture, where engineers realized it concentrated the stress of the building and allowed for taller arches, thinner walls, and much more interior space.
Type of Arch
The many forms of arch are classified into three categories: circular, pointed, and parabolic. Arches can also be configured to produce vaults and arcades. Rounded, i. e. semicircular, arches were commonly used for ancient arches that were constructed of heavy masonry.
Rounded Arch
Round Arch – an arch formed in a continuous curve; characteristic of Roman architecture. arch – (architecture) a masonry construction (usually curved) for spanning an opening and supporting the weight above it.
Arches Architecture
An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space and may or may not support the weight above it, or in case of a horizontal arch like an arch dam, the hydrostatic pressure against it. Arches may be synonymous with vaults, but a vault may be distinguished as a continuous arch forming a roof.
Arch Construction
Arch, in architecture and civil engineering, a curved member that is used to span an opening and to support loads from above. The arch formed the basis for the evolution of the vault.
Rounded Arches
Rounded, i. e. semicircular, arches were commonly used for ancient arches that were constructed of heavy masonry. Ancient Roman builders relied heavily on the rounded arch to span great lengths. Several rounded arches that are constructed in-line and end-to-end in a series form an arcade, e.g. in Roman aqueducts.
Building Arches
An arch is a curved structural form that carries loads around an opening, transferring them around the profile of the arch to abutments, jambs or piers on either side.
Semi Circular Arch
Also known as the Roman arch, the Semicircular Arch forms a half circle and is a major feature of all Roman architecture. A strong structure, this arch is often found in bridges and aqueducts. It appears a simple arch to manufacture, as each voussoir is identical in taper to its neighbour.
Arches Are Classified As
Arches are typically classified as architectural or structural elements. In architecture, arches are classified based on their shapes and characteristics. Here are some common types of arches:
- Round Arch
- Pointed Arch
- Elliptical Arch
- Tudor Arch
- Segmental Arch
- Venetian Arch
- Trefoil Arch
Types of Arches in Architecture
Arches are structural elements used in architecture to span openings and provide support for buildings and other structures. There are several types of arches commonly used in architecture, each with its own distinct characteristics. Here are some of the most notable types of arches:
- Round Arch
- Pointed Arch
- Elliptical Arch
- Tudor Arch
- Moorish Arch (Horseshoe Arch)
- Segmental Arch
- Venetian Arch
- Trefoil Arch
Arches Types
Here are some additional types of arches commonly used in architecture:
- Drop Arch
- Ogee Arch
- Multifoil Arch
- Stilted Arch
- Skew Arch
- Equilateral Arch
- Shouldered Arch
- Rampant Arch
Arches in Civil Engineering
In architecture, an arch is an opening in a structure that is curved on top and designed to distribute weight. Arches are used in structural engineering (a branch of civil engineering that deals with large buildings and similar structures) because they can support a very large mass placed on top of them.
Different Types of Arch Design
Arch designs can vary greatly based on their intended purpose, architectural style, and aesthetic preferences. Here are some different types of arch designs commonly used in architecture:
- Plain Arch
- Keyed Arch
- Decorated Arch
- Stilted Arch
- Arcade Arch
- Pendentive Arch
- Blind Arch
- Corbel Arch
- Lintel Arch
What Are 4 Types of Arches?
Based on the shape of construction arches are classified into 10 types and they are discussed below.
- Flat Arch.
- Semi-Circular Arch.
- Pointed Arch.
- Florentine Arch.
- Stilted Arch.
- Axed brick arches.
Types of Arches Architecture
In architectural terms, an arch is a curved structural element that spans an open space. Arches are not only functional but also have aesthetic appeal. Here are some common types of arches in architecture:
- Round Arch
- Pointed Arch
- Tudor Arch
- Roman Arch
- Horseshoe Arch
- Ogee Arch
- Trefoil Arch
- Basket Handle Arch
- Elliptical Arch
- Four-Centered Arch
Different Arches
Architectural Arches:
- Roman Arch: This is a semicircular arch commonly found in ancient Roman architecture, such as the Colosseum in Rome.
- Gothic Arch: Characteristic of Gothic architecture, this pointed arch can be seen in structures like Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris.
- Moorish Arch: Also known as the horseshoe arch, it is a key feature of Moorish architecture, seen in the Alhambra palace in Granada, Spain.
Definition of Different Types of Arches
Arches are curved structures that are used in architecture and engineering to support loads and distribute weight. There are several different types of arches, each with its own distinctive characteristics. Here are the definitions of some common types of arches:
- Round Arch
- Pointed Arch
- Equilateral Arch
- Segmental Arch
- Venetian Arch
- Tudor Arch
- Horseshoe Arch
- Parabolic Arch
- Catenary Arch
Different Types of Materials Used for the Semi-Circular Arch
Semi-circular arches can be constructed using various materials, depending on the intended use, structural requirements, and aesthetic considerations. Here are some common types of materials used for semi-circular arch construction:
- Stone
- Brick
- Concrete
- Steel
- Timber
- Composite Materials
Types of Arches in Building Construction
In building construction, there are several types of arches that are commonly used. Each type of arch has its own structural characteristics and aesthetic appeal. Here are some of the most common types of arches:
- Round Arch (Semicircular Arch)
- Pointed Arch (Gothic Arch)
- Segmental Arch
- Elliptical Arch
- Tudor Arch (Four-Centered Arch)
- Venetian Arch (Lancet Arch)
- Parabolic Arch
- Three-Centered Arch (Basket Handle Arch)
Types of Archways
Types of arches in architecture
- Flat arch. Flat arches in structural engineering are classified by shape, where the arch forms a rectangular shape with a flat top edge.
- Round arch.
- Pointed arches.
- Horseshoe arches.
- Triangular arches.
- Centered arches.
- Parabolic arches.
- Inflexed arch.
Flat Arch Architecture
Flat arch architecture, also known as the flat arch style, refers to a specific architectural style that emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is often associated with the Arts and Crafts movement and can be found primarily in residential and small-scale commercial buildings.
Types of Roman Arches
Roman architecture is renowned for its innovative use of arches, which played a crucial role in the construction of various structures. Here are some types of Roman arches:
- Round Arch (Semicircular Arch)
- Segmental Arch
- Triumphal Arch
- Basket-handle Arch (Elliptical Arch)
- Horseshoe Arch
- Three-Centered Arch (Elliptical Arch)
- Four-Centered Arch (Tudor Arch)
Purpose of the Different Types of Arches
Arches and its types
The many forms of arch are classified into three categories: circular, pointed, and parabolic. Arches can also be configured to produce vaults and arcades. Rounded, i. e. semicircular, arches were commonly used for ancient arches that were constructed of heavy masonry.
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