Steps to Building a House

Steps to Building a House

The construction of a building involves a variety of construction processes from start to finish. The construction work of a building requires a lot of effort and investment. Various step-by-step work in building construction takes a lot of time.

The construction of a building is a permanent asset for us. The residential building construction process is a systematic operation carried out by civil engineers, structural engineers, architects, skilled laborers, and laborers.

Building a home is a permanent property. So that various matters are taken care of in the steps of its construction. Therefore, before planning the building, important aspects of various steps of building construction, such as construction purpose, utility, financial expertise, work demand, etc., should be taken into consideration.

Building Construction Process Step

A. Pre-construction Steps (Phase – I)

1. Acquire Land
2. Seek Technical/Consultant
3. Design Process
4. Preparing Estimate and Budget
5. Building Permits
6. Approach a Contractor
7. Building Warranty Period

B. Building Construction Step (Phase – II)

1. Site Clearance
2. Excavation and PCC
3. Foundation
4. Plinth Beam or Slab
5. Superstructure Column and Beam
6. Brick Masonry Work
7. Lintel Over Door Window
8. Floor Slab or Roof Structure
9. Plastering
10. Door and Window Framing and Fixations
11. Painting
12. Electrical and Plumbing
13. Woodwork and Fixture Fittings
14. Boundary Wall

Building Construction Step (Phase – II)

A. Pre-construction Steps (Phase – I)

The pre-construction step in the building construction process includes issues like plot hiring, planting, contractor, budget, consultation hiring, design process, etc.

1. Acquire Land

• This step is considered to be an important step in building construction. The location of the corresponding building is selected for the purposes required for building construction. All the desired facilities available nearby are considered while selecting the land. It should be free from any land-related problems.
• Before buying land or a plot, collect all the data about the land of that place or get information by doing online research about that land. Also, get information about the effective value of that land with the help of real estate agents or other individuals.

2. Seek Technical/Consultant

• After selecting the land for the building, a professional architect is contracted to create the building design. Prepare based on building needs, the number of flats, your needs, and budget through discussion and consultation with him.
• Thereafter, the architect will discuss with the structural engineer different parts of the structure for building construction. These include structural engineering, the size of the foundation, the size of parts of the structural element, foundation depth, etc.

3. Design Process

• Make a rough list for your home as needed before meeting an architect. This process involves covering different parts of your home. Make a simple sketch for the living room, bedroom, guest room, hall, kitchen, bath, etc., as per your requirement. Locate stairs, car porches, garden/landscaping, etc., in your plot as per your requirement.

4. Preparing Estimate and Budget

• Building construction includes materials and budgets for a variety of purposes. Then, the planning plan of the architect and the structural details prepared by the structural engineer are given to the building estimator.
• The Building Estimator prepares an Excel sheet by estimating the amount of material required for the various elements of the building and the number of different items of work, which shows the estimated cost of building construction.
• If financial resources are limited, prior approval should be sought for a loan in advance for the construction of the building. In the event of a cash crisis, the construction work may take longer.

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5. Building Permits

• The govt permission taken to implement the project is important work for building construction.
• The plan and documents prepared for the implementation of the project are put in place with the permission of various boards. These different boards include municipal, airport authority, pollution control, etc.
• Documents required for the project are collected before applying for building permits. The information in this document may vary by state, but some documents are usually required for each building’s construction.

The following is a list of various documents required for building construction.

• Land Survey
• All drawing like Plan, Elevation, Section
• Soil test report
• Structural Certificate
• Architect Certificate

6. Approach a Contractor

• An experienced contractor is selected for the construction of the building, which should maintain the quality of the entire construction of the building. The contractor should be able to complete the construction of the building within the stipulated time.
• Before assigning work, the builder must pre-inspect the completed work. In addition, the relevant specification for the work must be clearly stated in the contract document of the builder.
• Expenses are paid in the contract document based on time standards and work details. The layout of the building and the details of the work should be covered in the document. You should check the terms of the contract before the builder signs the contract document.

7. Building Warranty Period

• Once the project has started, the builder will be fully responsible for the project from the time the project is completed until it is handed over to the building owner. The warranty period of the project is specified in the document.
• During this warranty period, the builder will be responsible for repairing any defects found in the building constructed by the builder.
• Warranties of appliances and materials installed in the building are obtained from the manufacturers and suppliers.

B. Building Construction Step (Phase – II)

• In the second stage of any building construction process, works like site clearance, execution, brick-masonry, plastering, etc., are carried out.
• The following steps are taken for any type of building construction.

1. Site Clearance

• Before starting any building construction work, unwanted grass is cleared from the site.
• Levels are made by clearing the hill-like part that appears on the site. And when there is a pit on the site, it is filled. This type of work on the site is called site clearance.

2. Excavation and PCC

• The foundation for the construction of the building is excavated to the required depth, as shown in the drawing. Excavation machines are used for soil excavation. A layer of PCC (plain cement concrete) is laid according to the design before placing reinforcements in the excavated space for the foundation.

3. Foundation

• The foundation is the lower part of the structure of the building. Through which the gravitational load coming from the building transfers to the earth. The foundation work is done based on the plan given by the architect. The plan includes the size, depth, width, and length of the foundation and the type of foundation, etc.

4. Plinth Beam or Slab

• After the foundation work of the building is completed, preparation of the plinth beam is started, and reinforcement is placed according to the design for the plinth beam.
• The concrete is then poured by proper shuttering of the plinth beam. On the prepared plinth beam, masonry work is carried out as per the design .. and the empty space between the foundation and the plinth beam is filled with soil.

5. Superstructure Column and Beam

The building has a superstructure above the plinth level. Beams and columns are the main components of a superstructure. The columns are concreted at the bottom level of the beam of the slab according to the design of the building. In this way, the frame is prepared by construction in the building.

6. Brick Masonry Work

• Once the beam and column framework for the building is completed, masonry work is started with materials like fly ash bricks, concrete blocks, bricks, etc., as per the working drawing of the building.
• Masonry work is done with a mixture of cement mortar as per proper requirements. It is the right mix of cement and sand. According to the working drawing of the building, a gap is kept for windows and doors during masonry work.

7. Lintel Over Door Window

• According to the workings drawing, lintels are built over windows and doors in masonry work. Masonry work is done on the lintel.

8. Floor Slab or Roof Structure

Formwork is started to build slabs according to the design of the columns and beams of the building. Above the slab formwork, the slab reinforcement is placed according to the structural detail drawing.

9. Plastering

According to the drawings in the building, the process of starting the plastering work is carried out after the completion of the initial lighting and electrical plumbing pipework. Cement plaster is commonly used for ceilings with a thickness of 12 mm, and the thickness of plastic in the internal wall can be 20 mm.

After the brickwork is completed, the plastering is done for the following purposes.

1. Plaster can provide a smooth and hard surface in the building.
2. The plaster can be protected from the effects of external weather.
3. Plaster gives the building a sleek look.

10. Door and Window Framing and Fixations

• Then, the door and window frames are fixed to the exact position given in the working drawing.

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11. Painting

• After plaster and electrical work is completed, painting is done with an initial primer coat.

12. Electrical and Plumbing

• Electrical pipes are installed in the walls and slabs as per the requirement of the point. They hide in the concrete of the slab. The end of the pipe and the point are left in front of the junction. Electric fitting is done by properly cleaning the junction box. The plumbing pipe can be terminated with a point fixture.

13. Woodwork and Fixture Fittings

• Almost all the construction work for the building is completed by following the steps above. Then the main door, internal door, and bath door are selected. Necessary kitchen furniture work is done in the house.
• The process of completing electrical fittings, switchboards, and plumbing fittings in bathroom and kitchen areas is carried out.

14. Boundary Wall

• The building should be constructed according to the proper design of the compound walls after construction is completed.

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