How to Load Calculation on Column, Beam, Wall & Slab

Load Calculation on Column / Column Calculation

• Volume of Concrete = 0.23 x 0.60 x 3 =0.414m³
• Weight of Concrete = 0.414 x 2400 = 993.6 kg
• Weight of Steel (1%)  in Concrete = 0.414 x 0.01 x 8000 = 33 kg
• Total Weight of Column = 994 + 33 = 1026 kg = 10KN

Wall Load Calculation

Here is some information about calculating wall load:

• The formula for partition wall load is: wall thickness x wall density x wall height
• For a 6″ thick wall of 3 meter height and a length of 1 meter, the load per running meter is 900 kg, or 9 kN/meter
• To calculate the volume of a brick wall, you can use the formula: l × b × h
• The density of a brick wall with mortar is between 1600-2200 kg/m3
• The allowable wall load for a concrete slab is Pc = lb./ft
• The formula for the maximum wall load for a concrete slab is P = 9.93 ( fc^0.5 )( te^2 ) ( ( k / (19000 ( fc^0.5 )( te^3 ) ) )

Beam Load Calculation

• 300 mm x 600 mm excluding slab thickness.
• Volume of Concrete = 0.30 x 0.60 x 1 =0.18 m³
• Weight of Concrete = 0.18 x 2400 = 432 kg
• Weight of Steel (2%) in Concrete = 0.18 x 2% x 7850 = 28.26 kg
• Total Weight of Column = 432 + 28.26 =  460.26 kg/m = 4.51 KN/m

Column Load

A column is a vertical compression member that helps transfer a building’s load to the foundation. Columns carry all the loads transferred by the beams on top of it, and also directly carry the lateral loads (earthquake, wind loads, etc.). Columns transmit those carried loads to the foundation which is located beneath the ground surface.

The load on a column can be a live load or a dead load. Dead load is the result of the weight of the permanent components such as beams, floor slabs, columns and walls. These components will produce the same constant ‘dead’ load during the lifespan of the building. Dead loads are exerted in the vertical plane.

The axial load carrying capacity of a column is based on the formula Pu =0.4 fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc as per IS 456-2000. Here in the Table P is Axial Load Carrying capacity of column in KN.

Dead Load Calculation for a Building

Dead load = volume of member x unit weight of materials.

The dead load of a building is calculated by multiplying the volume of each member by the unit weight of the material it is made from. The dead load of each component can then be added together to determine the total dead load of the building.

The customary dead load for floors is 10-12 pounds per square foot (PSF), 12-15 PSF for roof rafters, and 20 PSF for roof trusses. However, these numbers may increase when heavy finish materials, such as brick veneer walls or tile floors/roofs, are specified.

Column Design Calculations

• Volume of Concrete = 0.23 x 0.60 x 3 =0.414m³
• Weight of Concrete = 0.414 x 2400 = 993.6 kg
• Weight of Steel (1%)  in Concrete = 0.414x 0.01 x 8000 = 33 kg
• Total Weight of Column = 994 + 33 = 1026 kg = 10KN

Column design calculations include determining the dimensions of the column, such as the shape, length, and width of the cross-section. You also need to find the diameters of the reinforcing bars.

Here are some basic rules for column sizes:

• Minimum column size should be 9”X9” (230mmX230mm)
• Minimum bar diameter is 12mm
• Grade of the concrete should be at least M20
• Concrete cover is taken in between 25mm to 50mm values
• If possible, use square columns only
• At least take 4 no’s of bars in column

The axial load carrying capacity of a column is calculated using the formula Pu =0.4 fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc. In this formula, P is the axial load carrying capacity of the column in KN, p is the percentage of steel, b is the breadth of the column in mm, and D is the depth of the column in mm.

Footing Load Calculations

Footing load calculations are used to determine the size of a footing. The size of the footing can vary depending on the structure, site, and conditions.

To calculate the load, you can use 40 lbs per square foot for live loads (such as the weight of people and furniture) and 15 lbs per square foot for dead loads (the weight of the materials used for the construction of the deck).

You can also use a calculator to calculate the load. For example, the FootingPad calculator pre-fills the dead weight load of a common steel-roofed at 5 lbs. per square foot.

You can also calculate the size of the footing by dividing the total load at the column base by the allowable bearing capacity of the soil.

Concrete Slab Load Calculations

• Size of Slab Length 3 m x 2 m Thickness 0.150 m
• Concrete Volume = 3 x 2 x 0.15 =0.9 m³
• Concrete weight = 0.9 x 2400 = 2160 kg.

To calculate the load of a concrete slab, you can use the following formula:

Wt = L•W•D•mD

Where Wt is the weight of the slab, L is the length, W is the width, D is the depth, and mD is the density of the concrete.

You can also calculate the slab load by adding the self-weight, finishing load, and superimposed live load. The self-weight is calculated by multiplying the slab thickness by the unit weight of the concrete. The finishing load is usually 1 kN per meter, and the superimposed live load is usually 2 kN per meter.

Steel Load Calculation

• Size of Slab Length 3 m x 2 m Thickness 0.150 m
• Concrete Volume = 3 x 2 x 0.15 =0.9 m³
• Concrete weight = 0.9 x 2400 = 2160 kg.
• Steel weight (1%) in Concrete = 0.9 x 0.01 x 7850 = 70.38 kg.
• Total Column weight= 2160 + 70.38 = 2230.38 kg/m = 21.87 KN/m.

Here is some information on steel load calculation:

• To calculate the weight of a steel bar, you can use the formula D^2/162, where D is the diameter of the bar and 162 is a constant.
• To calculate the weight of a steel plate, you can use the formula width * length * thickness * density.
• To calculate the dead load for a steel beam, you can use the formula volume of member * unit weight of materials.
• To calculate the load of a beam from a slab, you can divide the slab into trapezoidal and triangular areas, and then multiply the segment area by the slab’s unit load divided by the beam length.

How to Calculate Load on Beam

The load on a beam can be calculated by multiplying the segment area (trapezoidal or triangular area) by the slab’s unit load divided by the beam length. The total load on a beam is the UDL multiplied by the length of the beam.

The loads on a beam can be point loads, distributed loads, or varying loads. There can also be point moments on the beam. The beam itself is supported at one or more points.

Beam Load Calculation Formula

1. 300 mm x 600 mm excluding slab.
2. Volume of Concrete = 0.30 x 0.60 x 1 =0.18 m³
3. Weight of Concrete = 0.18 x 2400 = 432 kg
4. Weight of Steel (2%) in Concrete = 0.18 x 2% x 7850 = 28.26 kg
5. Total Weight of Column = 432 + 28.26 =  460.26 kg/m = 4.51 KN/m

Wall Beam

A wall beam is a horizontal member that spans an opening and carries a load, such as a brick or stone wall. Wall beams are often used to replace load-bearing walls. The most common support system used to replace a load-bearing wall is a beam under the ceiling and columns or posts which carry the weight down to the foundation. This method is popular because it does not require alterations to joists or framing above the beam.

Dead Load Formula

The formula for calculating dead load is:

The formula for Dead load = volume of member x unit weight of materials

Dead load is the self-weight of a structure. It is usually measured in pounds per square foot. Dead loads consist of the permanent construction material loads, including the roof, floor, wall, and foundation systems, as well as claddings, finishes, and fixed equipment.

Slab Base of Column Is Used for Loads

A slab base is a type of column base used to transfer loads from a column to a concrete pedestal. Slab bases are used when the column is subjected to only direct loads of less intensity and no bending moment.

A slab base consists of a thick steel base plate and two cleat angles that connect the flanges of the column to the base plate. Web cleats are also provided to connect the web of the column to the base plate.

The slab-column connection system is typically designed to withstand the forces generated by gravity loads such as the weight of the structure, people, furniture, and other equipment. It may also need to withstand lateral loads such as wind and earthquake forces.

How to Calculate Dead Load?

To calculate dead load, you can use the formula:  Dead load = volume of member x unit weight of materials

You can calculate the dead load of each component by multiplying the volume of each member by the unit weight of the materials from which it is composed.

For example, to calculate the dead load of a concrete slab, you can multiply the volume of the concrete element by the concrete unit weight.

The Load Acting on the Column Is

The loads applied to a column are only axial loads. Loads on columns are typically applied at the ends of the member, producing axial compressive stresses. However, on occasion the loads acting on a column can include axial forces, transverse forces, and bending moments (e.g. beam-columns).

Design Load Formula

The load /meter is = 0.230 x 1 x 3 x 2000 = 1380 kg or 13 kN/meter. This process can be used for Brick’s load calculations per meter for any type of brick. For AAC blocks (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) the weight per cubic meter is about 550 to 700 kg/m³

Live Load Calculator

L=Lo∗(0.25+15/SQRT(KLL∗At))

• Where L is the reduced design live load per ft²
• L0 is the unreduced design live load per ft²
• KLL is the live load element factor
• At is the tributary area (ft²)

Beam and Slab

An RCC beam is provided within the slab, which depth is equal to the slab depth refers to the hidden beam. It also refers to a flat beam or concealed beam. The hidden beam forms an integral part of the frame structure and is usually used.

Live Load Formula

For the floor live loads, use the ASCE 7-16 equations to check for the possibility of a reduction. Lo=40Ib/ft² (from Table 4.1 in ASCE 7-16). If the interior column KLL=4, then the influence area A1=KLLAT=(4)(900ft²)=3600ft².

How to Calculate Load of a Building?

For calculating the dead load of the building, we have to determine the volume of each member like footing, column, beam, slab and wall and multiplied by unit weight of material from which it is made. By adding the dead load of all structural components, we can determine the total dead load of the building.

How to Calculate Live Load?

Dividing the actual load distribution into the length of the beam will give you the uniformly distributed load in kilonewton per meter. To use in design these service loads should be multiplied by the ULS factor, 1.2 for Dead Loads and 1.6 for Live Loads.

Structural Load Calculation Example

• 300 mm x 450 mm excluding slab thickness.
• Concrete Volume = 0.3 x 0.60 x 1 =0.138m³
• Concrete weight = 0.138 x 2400 = 333 kg.
• Steel weight (2%) in Concrete = = 0.138 x 0.02 x 7850 = 22 kg.
• Total Column weight= 333 + 22 = 355 kg/m = 3.5 KN/m.

Beam Load Calculator

Live Load Calculation

Dividing the actual load distribution into the length of the beam will give you the uniformly distributed load in kilonewton per meter. To use in design these service loads should be multiplied by the ULS factor, 1.2 for Dead Loads and 1.6 for Live Loads.

How to Calculate Column Size for Building?

• In rectangular or or square columns, one side will be usually equal to width of the wall usually 230mm or 300mm.
• Other side will be usually provided based on form work available usually 230mm, 300mm, 375mm, 450mm, 600mm.

Slab and Beam

An RCC beam is provided within the slab, which depth is equal to the slab depth refers to the hidden beam. It also refers to a flat beam or concealed beam. The hidden beam forms an integral part of the frame structure and is usually used.

Floor Finish Load

Floor finish load is also one type of dead load which is act on a floor slab. Floor finish load includes the weight of tiles and other materials. Generally, in structural design floor finish load should be taken as 1.5kN/m².

Column Load Calculation

• Concrete Volume = 0.3 x 0.60 x 3 =0.54m³
• Concrete Weight = 0.54 x 2400 = 1296 kg.
• Steel Weight (1%) in Concrete = 0.54 x 0.01 x 7850 = 42.39 kg.
• Total Column Weight = 1296 + 42.39 = 1338.39 kg = 13.384KN.

Steel Structure Design Calculation

• Weight of Square Steel bar in kgs/m = volume of steel bar x Density of steel dimension in meters
• Weight of Square Steel bar in kgs/m = area of bar x Density of steel dimension in mm.

Concrete Slab Load Capacity Calculator

1. Loads on the RCC Slab: Self-weight= concrete unit weight * Volume of concrete
2. Loads on the Beam: Self-weight= concrete unit weight* beam width*beam height
3. Compute Applied Moment: Applied moment (Mu)= (Wu * l2)/10
4. Compute Resistant Moment: Reinforcement area (As) = ((PI/4)*D2)* No. of bars

Live Load Calculation Formula

• Total Dead Loads (e.g., self-weight and SDL)= (6.25+6) kN/m² = 12.25 kN/m².
• Total Live Load = 2 kN/m².

Live Load and Dead Load Calculation

Let, Assume the slab has a thickness of 150 mm. Slab Load Calculation = 0.150 x 1 x 2400 = 360 kg which is equivalent to 3.53 kN. Now, If we consider the Floor Finishing load to be 1 kN per meter, superimposed live load to be 2 kN per meter, and Wind Load as per Is 875 Near about 2 kN per meter.

Dead Load of Slab

Dead load on a structure is the result of the weight of the permanent components such as beams, floor slabs, columns and walls. These components will produce the same constant ‘dead’ load during the lifespan of the building. Dead loads are exerted in the vertical plane.

Load Distribution from Slab to Beam

The slab is commonly divided into trapezoidal and triangular areas by drawing lines from each corner of the rectangle at 45 degrees. The beam’s distributed load is computed by multiplying the segment area (trapezoidal or triangular area) by the slab’s unit load divided by the beam length.

Structural Design Calculations

So, what are structural calculations? They are the math behind your building’s ability to stay upright. Engineers use them to determine the loads that a building must withstand and the properties of members that comprise its structure.

Factored Load Formula

Calculate load factor by dividing the total square footage building by the usable square footage. In this example, you would take 6500 square feet – the total square footage of the building – and divide it by 5500 – the usable square footage of the building.

Dead Load Calculator

Formula. DL = V * D. Volume. Cubic Meter m³

Load Carrying Capacity Is More in Which Column

Steel concrete composite columns such as concrete-encased steel (CES) and concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns have large load-carrying capacity and high local stability due to composite action, and high-strength materials improve structural safety and space efficiency.

Load Distribution from Slab to Beam Formula

The beam’s distributed load is computed by multiplying the segment area (trapezoidal or triangular area) by the slab’s unit load divided by the beam length.

Floor Finish Load on Slab

Floor finish load on slab  is also one type of dead load which is act on a floor slab. Floor finish load includes the weight of tiles and other materials. Generally, in structural design floor finish load should be taken as 1.5kN/m².

Wall Beam Design

In building construction, a beam is a horizontal member spanning an opening and carrying a load that may be a brick or stone wall above the opening, in which case the beam is often called a lintel (see post-and-lintel system).

What Is a Partition Wall?

A partition wall is a divider wall, typically non load bearing, used to separate spaces in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. It’s most common use is as an office partition wall used to create separate offices or meeting rooms.

What Is a Slab Basement?

Slab: What is it? The most simple of the three types of foundations, a slab is simply a concrete foundation around one foot in depth below the house reinforced with steel bars. It is no surprise that it is the cheapest foundation that we will cover in this article.

What Is Dry Wall Made Of?

Drywall, also known as plasterboard or wallboard, consists of two paperboards that sandwich gypsum, a powdery white or gray sulfate mineral. Gypsum is noncombustible, and compared to other wall materials, like solid wood and plaster, gypsum boards are much lighter and cheaper.

Building Load Calculation

For calculating the dead load of the building, we have to determine the volume of each member like footing, column, beam, slab and wall and multiplied by the unit weight of the material from which it is made. By adding the dead load of all structural components, we can determine the total dead load of the building.

Beam Calculations

To calculate the maximum bending moment on a beam, the following formula can be used:

M = Wl^2/8

Where:

M = maximum bending moment
W = total load on the beam
l = length of the beam

To calculate the maximum deflection of a beam, the following formula can be used:

δ = (5Wl^4)/(384EI)

Structural Design Calculations Example

Assume we have a steel beam that needs to span 20 feet and support a load of 10 kips (10,000 lbs) at the center. The beam will be supported at each end by a steel column.

Slab Load Calculation Formula

Types of load Calculation on Column, Beam, Wall, and Slab

• Column’s self-weight × Numbers of floors.
• Beam’s self-weight per running meter.
• Wall load per running meter.
• The total load on slab = Dead Load( due to storing furniture and other things) + Live load ( due to human movement)+ Self Weight.

Load Calculation Formula for Building

Load Calculation of Beam

• 300 mm x 450 mm excluding slab thickness.
• Concrete Volume = 0.3 x 0.60 x 1 =0.138m³
• Concrete weight = 0.138 x 2400 = 333 kg.
• Steel weight (2%) in Concrete = = 0.138 x 0.02 x 7850 = 22 kg.
• Total Column weight= 333 + 22 = 355 kg/m = 3.5 KN/m.

Column Steel Design

Designing a steel column involves determining the column’s dimensions, the required section modulus, and the maximum axial load capacity. Here’s a general procedure for designing a steel column:

• Step 1: Determine the loads and load combinations
• Step 2: Determine the column’s dimensions
• Step 3: Choose the steel section
• Step 4: Check the axial load capacity
• Step 5: Check the strength and stability

Beam and Column

Beams and columns are two important structural elements used in building construction to support loads and distribute them to the foundation. A beam is a horizontal structural element that is designed to resist bending and support loads across a span. A column, on the other hand, is a vertical structural element that is designed to resist compressive loads.

How to Compute Dead Load?

Dead load = volume of member x unit weight of materials

By calculating the volume of each member and multiplying by the unit weight of the materials from which it is composed, an accurate dead load can be determined for each component.

Beam and Column Design

Similar to the film The Perfect Storm, beam-column design is the confluence of three separate design “storms”: compression member design, flexural member design, and the interaction of axial compression and flexural loads.

Load Beams

The loads on a beam can be point loads, distributed loads, or varying loads. There can also be point moments on the beam.

ExercisesEdit

• In the above beam, find the reactions in the supports and the shear force at a position x.
• The above beam shows loading by two separate point loads.